동사 빈출 단어들 & 품사 문법 정리

정확한 이해를 위해 한글 번역없이 오로지 영어로 된 정의만을 사용 (by Oxford English Dictionary)
파생 뜻은 최대한 배제

parts of speech

• noun(명사) : a word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things (common noun), or to name a particular one of these (proper noun)
• pronoun(대명사) : a word that can function by itself as a noun phrase and that refers either to the participants in the discourse or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse
• verb(동사) : a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence
  • intransitive(자동사) : expressing action which does not pass over to an object
  • transitive(타동사) : taking a direct object
• adjective(형용사) : a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically related to a noun to modify or describe it
• adverb(부사) : a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.
• preposition(전치사) : a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause
• conjunction(접속사) : a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause
• interjection(감탄사) : an abrupt remark, made especially as an aside or interruption
• phrase(구) : a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause
• clause(절) : a unit of grammatical organization next below the sentence in rank and in traditional grammar said to consist of a subject and predicate

preposition

• in : expressing the situation of something that is or appears to be enclosed or surrounded by something else
  • adverb : expressing movement with the result that someone or something becomes enclosed or surrounded by something else
  • adjective : (of a person) present at one’s home or office
• on : physically in contact with and supported by (a surface)
  • adverb : physically in contact with and supported by a surface
• at : expressing location or arrival in a particular place or position
• of : expressing the relationship between a part and a whole
• for : in support of or in favor of (a person or policy), 2)having (the thing mentioned) as a purpose or function
  • conjunction : because; since
• to : expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location), approaching or reaching (a particular condition)
  • infinitive marker : used with the base form of a verb to indicate that the verb is in the infinitive, 2)used without a verb following when the missing verb is clearly
• from : indicating the point in space at which a journey, motion, or action starts
• by : identifying the agent performing an action
• around : on every side of
  • adverb : located or situated on every side
• with : accompanied by (another person or thing), 2)possessing (something) as a feature or accompaniment
• off : moving away and often down from
  • adverb : away from the place in question; or at a distance
  • adjective : characterized by performing or feeling worse than usual; unsatisfactory or inadequate
• against : disagreeing with a plan or activity
• over : extending directly upward from, at a higher level or layer than
  • adverb : expressing passage or trajectory across an area
• under : extending or directly below, at a lower level than
  • adverb : extending or directly below something
• after : in the time following (an event or another period of time), behind
  • conjunction : during the period of time following an event
  • adverb : at a later or future time; afterwards
• before : during the period of time preceding (a particular event or time), in front of
  • adverb : during the period of time preceding a particualr event or time
  • conjunction : in advance of the time when
• between : at, into, or across the space separating (two objects or regions)
• up : from a lower to a higher point on (something); upward along
  • adverb : toward a higher place or position
• down : from a higher to a lower point of (something)
  • adverb : toward or in a lower place or position, especially to or on the ground or another surface
  • adjective : directed or moving toward a lower place or position
• out : through to the outside
  • adverb : moving or appearing to move away from a particular place, especially one that is enclosed or hidden
• though : moving in one side and out of the other side of (an opening, channel, or location)
• until : up to (the point in time or the event mentioned)
• but : except; apart from; other than
• as : used to refer to the function or character that someone or something has
• across : to the other side of
• along : down(throughout the length of), 2)beside(by the side of), 3)on(at a point on)
• away (adverb) : to or at a distance from a particular place, person, or thing
• about : on the subject of; concerning, 2)around

relative pronoun

• who : used to introduce a clause giving further information about a person or people previouly mentioned
• which : used referring to something previously mentioned when introducing a clause giving further information
• what : the thing or things that (used in specifying something), 2) who or that
• that : used instead of “which”, “who”, “whom”, or “when” to introduce a defining or restricctive clause, especially one essential to identification

relative adverb

• where : at, in, or to which (used after reference to a place or situation), 2) the place or situation in which
• when : at or on which (referring to a time or circumstance)
• how : the way in which; that
• why : (with reference to a reason) on account of which; for which: the reason why

conjunction

• and : used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly
• or : used to link alternatives
• but : used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned
• while : during the time that; at the same time as, 2) whereas (indicating a contrast)
• as : used to indicate that something happens during the time when something is taking place, 2)used to indicate by comparison the way that something happens or is done, 3) since, 4) even though
• though : despite the fat that; although, 2)however; but
• if : (introducing a conditional clause) on the condition or supposition that; in the event that, 2) despite the possibility that; no matter whether
• unless : except if
• than : used to introduce the second element in a comparison
• lest : with the intention of preventing (something undersirable); to avoid the risk of
• until : up to the point in time or the event mentioned

suffix

• ing : denoting a verbal action, an instance of this, or its result, 2) denoting material used for or associated with a process etc, 3)forming the present participle of verbs
• ed : (added to nouns to form adjectives) having; possessing; affected by, 2)forming adjectives from phrases consisting of adjective and noun, 3)forming the past tense and past participle of weak verbs, 3)forming participial
  • past tense(과거 시제) : a tense expressing an action that has happened or a state that previouly existed
  • participle(분사) : a word formed from a verb and used as an adjective or a noun
  • past participle(과거 분사) : the form of a verb which is used in forming perfect and passive tenses and sometimes as an adjective.
  • passive : accepting or allowing what happens or what others do, without active response or resistance

Top30 Verb (frequency of use)

• be : exist, be present, be situated …
• have : possess, own, hold …
• do : perform, act
• know : be aware of through observation, inquiry, or information
• get : come to have or hold; receive, succed in attaining, achieving, or experiencing; obtain
• go : move from one place to another; travel, leave; depart
• think : have a particular opinion, belief, or idea about someone or something
• like : having the same characteristics or qualities as; similar to
• will : expressing the future tense, expressing ~~
• say : utter words so as to convey information, an opinion, a feeling or intention, or an instruction
• would : indicating the consequence of an imagined event or situation, expressing a desire or inclination
• can : be able to, 2)be permitted to
• mean : intend to convey, indicate, or refer to (a particular thing or notion); signify
• see : perceive with the eyes; discern visually
• want : have a desire to possess or do (something); wish for
• come : move or travel toward or into a place though of as near or familiar to the speaker
• make : form (something) by putting parts together or combining substances; construct; create
• look : direct one’s gaze toward someone or something or in a specified direction
• take : lay hold of (something) with one’s hands; reach for and hold
• could : used to indicate possibility
• laugh : make the spontaneous sounds and movements of the face and body that are the instinctive expressions of lively amusement and sometimes also of contempt or derision
• use : take, hold, or deploy (something) as a means of accomplishing a purpose or achieving a result; employ
• put : move to or place in a particular position
• give : freely transfer the possession of (something) to (someone); hand over to
• need : require (something) because it is essential or very important
• talk : speak in order to give information or express ideas or feelings; converse or communicate by spoken words
• tell : communicate information, facts, or news to someone in spoken or written words
• should : used to indicate obligation, duty, or correctness, typically when criticzing someone’s actions
• try : make an attempt or effort to do something
• let : not prevent or forbid; allow

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notion (daily study)